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Resources

International Trade Terms

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        Group E - Launch:

  • EXW Factory delivery (location to be determined): The seller prepares the goods on its premises.
    Group F - Base Load Unpaid:

  • FCA Free Carrier (location to be determined): The seller delivers the goods to the first carrier (specified by the buyer) at a specified location and the goods are ready for export. This term is suitable for all modes of transportation, such as air transportation, rail transportation, road transportation, and multimodal transportation.

  • FAS is exclusive of expenses up to the loading dock (the port of loading is specified): The seller must place the goods on the loading dock at the designated port and the seller prepares and clears the goods for export, this was changed in the 2000 version. This term is only used in maritime transportation.

  • FOB F.O.B. (port of loading is specified): This is a traditional maritime clause, the seller must load the goods on board the ship designated by the buyer, the cost and risk is divided on the ship's bulkhead. The seller must clear the goods for export. This clause is used for ocean transportation only.
    Group C - Basic tonnage paid:

  • CFR - Costs and freight (the name of the port of destination is specified): The seller pays the costs and freight until the goods are delivered to the port of destination. On the other hand, the risk is transferred to the buyer when the goods cross the ship's bulkhead. This clause is only used in maritime transportation.

  • CIF costs, insurance and freight charges (port of destination to be determined): This clause is similar to the CFR clause except that in this case, the seller must purchase and pay for the buyer's insurance. This clause is used in ocean transportation only.

  • CPT - Cargo Paid to (port of destination to be named): The seller pays for the cargo to the point of destination. 

Major International Trade Agreements

"Top Egyptian Agreements"

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Egypt, as an important historical and economic country in the MENA region, has participated in many important trade agreements. Among the most important of these agreements:

 

  • The Free Trade Agreement between Egypt and the European Union: Egypt signed a free trade agreement with the European Union in 2001, which aims to enhance economic cooperation and liberalize trade between the two sides.

  • Nile Basin Free Trade Agreement: Egypt participated in the Nile Basin Free Trade Agreement (NBFTA) with other Nile countries such as Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya and others, with the aim of promoting economic cooperation and trade liberalization among the member states.

  • Egypt-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA): Egypt signed a free trade agreement with the United States in 2004, which aims to enhance trade exchange and expand investment opportunities between the two countries.

  • Arab League FTA: Egypt participates in the Arab League FTA with other member states, with the aim of promoting economic cooperation and trade liberalization among Arab countries.

  • North African Union Free Trade Agreement (COMESA): Egypt participates in COMESA, an agreement that brings together several African countries to liberalize trade and promote economic integration in the region.

These are some of the major trade agreements in which Egypt has participated, reflecting its important role in international economic cooperation and trade promotion.

“The most important Arab agreements”

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  • Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Free Trade Agreement (Doha Treaty): Aims to liberalize trade among GCC countries and promote economic integration among member states.

  • Arab League Free Trade Agreement: This agreement is a framework for economic cooperation between the member states of the Arab League and seeks to liberalize trade and promote economic integration among them.

  • The North African Union Free Trade Agreement (COMESA): This agreement brings together Arab countries as well as other African countries and aims to liberalize trade between member states and promote economic integration in the region.

  • Morocco-EU FTA: This agreement aims to promote economic cooperation between Morocco and the European Union and liberalize trade between the two parties.

  • Egypt-Nile Basin Free Trade Agreement: This agreement aims to promote economic cooperation between Egypt and other Nile Basin countries and liberalize trade between them.

The most important African agreements

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  • The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA): It is a trade agreement that aims to create a continent-wide free trade area. AfCFTA aims to liberalize intra-African trade, promote economic integration, and increase investment and employment on the continent.

  • COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa): A trade agreement that brings together 21 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. COMESA aims to promote trade between member states, encourage investments, and foster economic integration.

  • The West African Free Trade Agreement (ECOWAS): Aims to promote economic cooperation and integration among member states in West Africa. ECOWAS seeks to liberalize trade between member states, develop infrastructure, and promote economic cooperation.

  • Southern African Development Community Free Trade Agreement (SADC FTA): Aims to promote trade among southern African countries, encourage investments, and foster economic integration.

“Top International Trade Agreements”

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  • The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA): It is a trade agreement that aims to create a continent-wide free trade area. AfCFTA aims to liberalize intra-African trade, promote economic integration, and increase investment and employment on the continent.

  • COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa): A trade agreement that brings together 21 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. COMESA aims to promote trade between member states, encourage investments, and foster economic integration.

  • The West African Free Trade Agreement (ECOWAS): Aims to promote economic cooperation and integration among member states in West Africa. ECOWAS seeks to liberalize trade between member states, develop infrastructure, and promote economic cooperation.

  • Southern African Development Community Free Trade Agreement (SADC FTA): Aims to promote trade among southern African countries, encourage investments, and foster economic integration.

 Major Trade Organizations

WTO

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World Trade Organization

Establishes rules and agreements for international trade between its member states

IMF

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International Monetary Fund

Means to regulate trade and contributes to the development of global economies

UNCTAD

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United Nations Trade and Development Organization

Helps developing countries build their export capacity and access international markets

GAFI

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Investment and Free Zones Authority

Developing investment services and supervising investment companies

WCO

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World Customs Organization

Facilitates and regulates customs and international trade

ICC

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International Chamber of Commerce

Provides a forum for companies to discuss and resolve international trade issues

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